Proposal to reduce emissions at oil fields
Keywords:
combustion; flares; emissions; oilfields
Abstract
The study of the negative incidence of exploration - production activity on the atmospheric environment has not been systematically developed. The objective of this study has been to define technological and operational modifications to reduce emissions in oil deposits. To do this, a bibliographic update on the design and operation of flares on land, which covered the period of the last 15 years. The fundamental parameters of flames of those installed in the oil fields of the northern coast of the Mayabeque and Matanzas provinces estimated as a function of the exit speed of the chimneys, the stoichiometric ratio of mixing and the wind speed. The efficiencies of the flares installed in these oil fields are below 40%, which denoted poor combustion that can cause high levels of H2S throughout the region where they are located. The increase in combustion efficiency in vents can achieve by decreased gas flow and the increase in flame temperature and/or diameter.
References
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14. KOLMETZ, K. Process flare systems safety, selection, sizing, and troubleshooting. Handbook of process equipment design. 24pp. 2020.
15. PETERSON, J., TUTTLE, N., COOPER, H., BAUKAL, C. Minimize facility flaring. Hydrocarbon Processing 86(6): 111–115. 2007. ISSN 0887-0284.
16. CASTIÑEIRA, D., EDGAR, T. F. CFD for simulation of steam assisted and air assisted flare combustion systems. Energy and Fuels20:1044-1056. 2006.ISSN: 0887-0624.
17. WANG, J., HUANG, Z., TANG, C., MIAO, H., WANG, X. Numerical study of the effect of hydrogen addition on methane–air mixtures combustion. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy34 (2), 1084-1096. 2009. Online ISSN: 1879-3487. http://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/.
18. ALLEN, D. T., TORRES, V. M. 2010 Flare study final report. Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Tracking No. 2008-81. http://www.tceq.texas.gov/. 2011.
19. LEAHEY, D. M., STROSHER, M., PRESTON, K. Theoretical and observational assessments of flare efficiencies. Ex. 2082: 1-14. Calgary. 2001.
20. USEPA. Flares Cost Manual. Section 3. VOC Controls. Chapter 1. Flares. 7th edition. 71pp. 2019.
21. API STANDARD 537. Flare Details for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries. THIRD EDITION, 196pp. MARCH 2017.
22. MRW TECHNOLOGIES INC. Basic Elevated Flare Design Considerations. Per 40 CFR 60 AP 42 TCEQ.http://www.mrw-tech.com/. 2013.
23. LEAHEY, D., SCHROEDER, M. B. Atmospheric Environment24A: 2527-2529. 1990. Online ISSN: 1878-2442.
24. EMEP/EEA. Oil – Exploration, production, transport. Emission inventory guidebook 2009, updated June 2010.http://www.eea.europe.eu/.
2. KEYNES, M. Flare System Design for oil and gas installations. IChemE. 2020.
3. EPA. Parameters for Properly Designed and Operated Flares. Report for Flare Review Panel. U.S. EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. 2012.
4. ARGO FLARES. 2.0 Flare types. http://www.argoflares.com/. 2013.
5. SCHRÖDER, V., MOLNARNE, M. Flammability of gas mixtures. Part 1: Fire potential. Journal of Hazardous Materials121 (1-3), 37-44. 2005. ISSN 2772-4166. http://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/.
6. GOGOLEK, P., CAVERLY, A., SCHWARTZ, R., SEEBOLD, J., POHL, J. Emissions from elevated flares - A survey of the literature. International Flaring Consortium. 2010.https://collections.lib.utah.edu › ark.
7. DEGGES, M. J., BOYER, J.E., KUO, K.K., BASINI, L. Influence of steam on the flammability limits of premixed natural gas/oxygen/steam mixtures. Chemical Engineering Journal 165(2): 633-638. 2010. ISSN: 1873-3212.
8. EVANS, S., ROSELER, D. Establishing a dynamic indicator of flare performance using lower flammability limits. Marathon Petroleum Company, LLC. 2011.https://www.marathonpetroleum.com
9. KONDO, S, K. et al. A study on flammability limits of fuel mixtures. Journal of Hazardous Materials 155(3): 440-8. 2008. ISSN 2772-4166.
10. VIDAL, M., WONG, W., ROGERS, W.J., MANNAN, M.S. Evaluation of lower flammability limits of fuel-air-diluent mixtures using calculated adiabatic flame temperatures. Journal of Hazardous Materials130 (1-2), 21-7. 2006. ISSN 2772-4166.http://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/.
11. MOLNARNE, M., MIZSEY, P., SCHRÖDER, V. Flammability of gas mixtures. Part 2: influence of inert gases. Journal of Hazardous Materials 121 (1-3), 45-9. 2005. ISSN 2772-4166. http://www.sciencedirect.com/.
12. WANG, T., CHEN, C., CHEN, H. Nitrogen and carbon dioxide dilution effect on upper flammability limits for organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 41(4), 453-464. 2010. Online ISSN: 1876-1089.
13. HU, E., HUANG, Z., HE, J., JIN, C., ZHENG, J. Experimental and numerical study on laminar burning characteristics of premixed methane–hydrogen–air flames. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 341(1): 4876-4888. 2009. Online ISSN: 1879-3487.
14. KOLMETZ, K. Process flare systems safety, selection, sizing, and troubleshooting. Handbook of process equipment design. 24pp. 2020.
15. PETERSON, J., TUTTLE, N., COOPER, H., BAUKAL, C. Minimize facility flaring. Hydrocarbon Processing 86(6): 111–115. 2007. ISSN 0887-0284.
16. CASTIÑEIRA, D., EDGAR, T. F. CFD for simulation of steam assisted and air assisted flare combustion systems. Energy and Fuels20:1044-1056. 2006.ISSN: 0887-0624.
17. WANG, J., HUANG, Z., TANG, C., MIAO, H., WANG, X. Numerical study of the effect of hydrogen addition on methane–air mixtures combustion. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy34 (2), 1084-1096. 2009. Online ISSN: 1879-3487. http://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/.
18. ALLEN, D. T., TORRES, V. M. 2010 Flare study final report. Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Tracking No. 2008-81. http://www.tceq.texas.gov/. 2011.
19. LEAHEY, D. M., STROSHER, M., PRESTON, K. Theoretical and observational assessments of flare efficiencies. Ex. 2082: 1-14. Calgary. 2001.
20. USEPA. Flares Cost Manual. Section 3. VOC Controls. Chapter 1. Flares. 7th edition. 71pp. 2019.
21. API STANDARD 537. Flare Details for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries. THIRD EDITION, 196pp. MARCH 2017.
22. MRW TECHNOLOGIES INC. Basic Elevated Flare Design Considerations. Per 40 CFR 60 AP 42 TCEQ.http://www.mrw-tech.com/. 2013.
23. LEAHEY, D., SCHROEDER, M. B. Atmospheric Environment24A: 2527-2529. 1990. Online ISSN: 1878-2442.
24. EMEP/EEA. Oil – Exploration, production, transport. Emission inventory guidebook 2009, updated June 2010.http://www.eea.europe.eu/.
Published
2023-07-12
How to Cite
Díaz-Díaz, M. Ángel, & Rivas-Trasancos, L. (2023). Proposal to reduce emissions at oil fields. Chemical Technology, 43(3), 495-513. Retrieved from https://tecnologiaquimica.uo.edu.cu/index.php/tq/article/view/5358
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