Economic pre-feasibility study for the synthesis of H3PO4 using Cuban phosphate rock and hydrochloric acid

Keywords: phosphoric acid; extraction; phosphorite; acid leaching

Abstract

Cuba has significant reserves of phosphate rock, with an average concentration
of 29, 16 % diphosphorus pentoxide (P2O5). In this research an efficient process
was developed for the production of phosphoric acid by leaching Cuban
phosphate rock (with 29, 16% P₂O₅) using 5 % national hydrochloric acid. The
process, which included neutralization stages with CaCO₃/Ca(OH)₂, filtration,
extraction with n-butanol and concentration by evaporation, achieved a
conversion of 93,6 % of P₂O₅ with a production of 88.9 kg/h of phosphoric acid
at 80 % purity. Mass balances evidenced losses of 6,4 % of P₂O₅ mainly in the
filtration stages, while the equipment design (750 L reactors, filter presses and
2m extraction columns) ensured system operability. The economic analysis
showed favorable indicators: NPV of $7, 87 million, IRR of 76 % and payback
period of 3,5 years, considering an annual production of 704 tons and a total
investment of $4,8 million. As a by-product, 113, 48 kg/h of CaCl₂ were
generated, whose potential use would improve the profitability of the process.
The research demonstrated the technical and economic feasibility of this
method for the national production of phosphoric acid, optimizing the use of
local mineral resources

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Published
2025-12-15
How to Cite
Reyes-Delgado, Y., Rodríguez-Ballestero, F. D., Alejo-Calderón, L. A., & González-Suárez, E. (2025). Economic pre-feasibility study for the synthesis of H3PO4 using Cuban phosphate rock and hydrochloric acid. Chemical Technology, 45, 430-443. Retrieved from https://tecnologiaquimica.uo.edu.cu/index.php/tq/article/view/5486